CHAPTER 166A.

North Carolina Emergency Management Act of 1977

Article 1.

§ 166A-1.  Short title.

This Article may be cited as "North Carolina Emergency Management Act of 1977." (1977, c. 848, s. 2; 1979, 2nd Sess., c.1310, s. 2; 

1995, c. 509, s. 120.)

§ 166A-2.  Purposes.

The purposes of this Article are to set forth the authority and responsibility of the Governor, State agencies, and local governments 

in prevention of, preparation for, response to and recovery from natural or man-made disasters or hostile military or paramilitary action and to:

(1) Reduce vulnerability of people and property of this State to damage, injury, and loss of life and property;

(2) Prepare for prompt and efficient rescue, care and treatment of threatened or affected persons;

(3) Provide for the rapid and orderly rehabilitation of persons and restoration of property; and

(4) Provide for cooperation and coordination of activities relating to emergency and disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and 

recovery among agencies and officials of this State and with similar agencies and officials of other states, with local and federal governments, 

with interstate organizations and with other private and quasi-official organizations. (1959, c. 337, s. 1; 1975,c. 734, s. 1; 1977, c. 848, s. 2; 

1995, c. 509, s.121.)

§ 166A-3.  Limitations.

Nothing in this Article shall be construed to:

(1)           Interfere with dissemination of news or comment on public affairs; but any communications facility or organization, including 

but not limited to radio and television stations, wire services, and newspapers, may be requested to transmit or print public service

messages furnishing information or instructions in connection with an emergency, disaster or war; or 

(2)           Limit, modify or abridge the authority of the Governor to proclaim martial law or exercise any other powers vested in him under

the Constitution, statutes, or common law of this State independent of, or in conjunction with, any provisions of this Article. 

(1975, c. 734, s. 2; 1977, c. 848, s. 2; 1995, c. 509, s. 122.)

§ 166A-4.  Definitions.

The following definitions apply in this Article:

(1)  "Emergency Management." – Those measures taken by the populace and governments at federal, State, and local levels to minimize 

the adverse effect of any type disaster, which include the never-ending preparedness cycle of prevention, mitigation, warning, movement, 

shelter, emergency assistance and recovery.

(2)  "Emergency Management Agency." – A State or local governmental agency charged with coordination of all emergency management

activities for its jurisdiction.

(3)  "Disaster." – An occurrence or imminent threat of widespread or severe damage, injury, or loss of life or property resulting from any natural

or man-made accidental, military or paramilitary cause.

(4)  "Political Subdivision." – Counties and incorporated cities, towns and villages. 

(1951, c. 1016, s. 2; 1953, c. 1099, s. 1; 1955, c. 387, s. 1; 1975, c.734, ss. 4-6, 14; 1977, c. 848, s. 2; 1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1310, s. 2; 

1995, c. 509, s. 123.)

§ 166A-5.  State emergency management.

The State emergency management program includes all aspects of preparations for, response to and recovery from war or peacetime disasters.

(1)  Governor. – The Governor shall have general direction and control of the State emergency management program and shall be responsible for 

carrying out the provisions of this Article.

a.   The Governor is authorized and empowered:

               1.   To make, amend or rescind the necessary orders, rules and regulations within the limits of the authority conferred upon him

               herein, with due consideration of the policies of the federal government.

               2.   To delegate any authority vested in him under this Article and to provide for the sub delegation of any such authority.

               3.   To cooperate and coordinate with the President and the heads of the departments and agencies of the federal government,

and with other appropriate federal officers and agencies, and with the officers and agencies of other states and local units of government in 

matters pertaining to the emergency management of the State and nation.

4.  To enter into agreements with the American National Red Cross, Salvation Army, Mennonite Disaster Service and other disaster relief 

organizations.

               5.   To make, amend, or rescind mutual aid agreements in accordance with G.S. 166A-10.

6.   To utilize the services, equipment, supplies and facilities of existing departments, offices and agencies of the State and of the 

political subdivisions thereof. The officers and personnel of all such departments, offices and agencies are required to cooperate with 

and extend such services and facilities to the Governor upon request. This authority shall extend to a state of disaster, imminent threat 

of disaster or emergency management planning and training purposes.

7.   To agree, when required to obtain federal assistance in debris removal, that the State will indemnify the federal government against 

any claim arising from the removal.

8.   To sell, lend, lease, give, transfer or deliver materials or perform services for disaster purposes on such terms and conditions as may

be prescribed by any existing law, and to account to the State Treasurer for any funds received for such property.

b.             In the threat of or event of a disaster, or when requested by the governing body of any political subdivision in the State, the Governor may 

         assume operational control over all or any part of the emergency management functions within this State. 

(2)  Secretary of Crime Control and Public Safety. – The Secretary of Crime Control and Public Safety shall be responsible to the Governor for State 

emergency management activities and shall have:

a.   The power, as delegated by the Governor, to activate the State and local plans applicable to the areas in question and he shall be 

empowered to authorize and direct the deployment and use of any personnel and forces to which the plan or plans apply, and the use or 

distribution of any supplies, equipment, materials and facilities available pursuant to this Article or any other provision of law.

b.   Additional authority, duties, and responsibilities as may be prescribed by the Governor, and he may sub delegate his authority to the

appropriate member of his department.

(3)  Functions of State Emergency Management. – The functions of the State emergency management program include:

a.   Coordination of the activities of all agencies for emergency management within the State, including planning, organizing, staffing, 

equipping, training, testing, and the activation of emergency management programs.

b.   Preparation and maintenance of State plans for man-made or natural disasters. The State plans or any parts thereof may be incorporated 

into department regulations and into executive orders of the Governor.

c.   Promulgation of standards and requirements for local plans and programs, determination of eligibility for State financial assistance 

provided for in G.S. 166A-7 and provision of technical assistance to local governments.

d.   Development and presentation of training programs and public information programs to ensure the furnishing of adequately trained 

personnel and an informed public in time of need.

e.   Making of such studies and surveys of the resources in this State as may be necessary to ascertain the capabilities of the State 

for emergency management, maintaining data on these resources, and planning for the most efficient use thereof.

               f.   Coordination of the use of any private facilities, services, and property.

               g.   Preparation for issuance by the Governor of executive orders, proclamations, and regulations as necessary or appropriate.

h.   Cooperation and maintenance of liaison with the other states, federal government and any public or private agency or entity in achieving

 any purpose of this Article and in implementing programs for emergency, disaster or war prevention, preparation, response, and recovery.

i.   Making recommendations, as appropriate, for zoning, building and other land-use controls, and safety measures for securing mobile homes

 or other nonpermanent or semi-permanent works designed to protect against or mitigate the effects of a disaster.

j.   Coordination of the use of existing means of communications and supplementing communications resources and integrating them into a 

comprehensive State or State-federal telecommunications or other communications system or network. (1951, c. 1016, ss. 3, 9; 1953, c. 1099, s. 3; 1955, c. 387, ss. 2, 3, 5;1957, c. 950, s. 5; 1975, c. 734, ss. 9, 10,14, 16; 1977, c. 848, s. 2; 1979, 2nd Sess., c.1310, s. 2; 1995, c. 509, s. 124.)

§ 166A-6.  State of disaster.

(a)The existence of a state of disaster may be proclaimed by the Governor, or by a resolution of the General Assembly if either of these finds that a 

disaster threatens or exists. Any state of disaster shall terminate by a proclamation of the Governor or resolution of the General Assembly. A 

proclamation or resolution declaring or terminating a state of disaster shall be disseminated promptly by means calculated to bring its contents to 

the attention of the general public and, unless the circumstances attendant upon the disaster prevent or impede, promptly filed with the 

Secretary of Crime Control and Public Safety, the Secretary of State and the clerks of superior court in the area to which it applies.

(b) In addition to any other powers conferred upon the Governor by law, during the state of disaster, he shall have the following:

(1)  To utilize all available State resources as reasonably necessary to cope with an emergency, including the transfer and direction of 

personnel or functions of State agencies or units thereof for the purpose of performing or facilitating emergency services;

(2)  To take such action and give such directions to State and local law-enforcement officers and agencies as may be reasonable and

 necessary for the purpose of securing compliance with the provisions of this Article and with the orders, rules and regulations made 

pursuant thereto;

(3)  To take steps to assure that measures, including the installation of public utilities, are taken when necessary to qualify for temporary

 housing assistance from the federal government when that welfare, and safety;

(4)  Subject to the provisions of the State Constitution to relieve any public official having administrative responsibilities under this Article 

of such responsibilities for willful failure to obey an order, rule or regulation adopted pursuant to this Article.

(c) In addition, during a state of disaster, with the concurrence of the Council of State, the Governor has the following powers:

(1)  To direct and compel the evacuation of all or part of the population from any stricken or threatened area within the State, to prescribe 

routes, modes of transportation, and destinations in connection with evacuation; and to control ingress and egress of a disaster area, 

the movement of persons within the area, and the occupancy of premises therein;

(2)  To establish a system of economic controls over all resources, materials and services to include food, clothing, shelter, fuel, rents

 and wages, including the administration and enforcement of any rationing, price freezing or similar federal order or regulation;

(3)  To regulate and control the flow of vehicular and pedestrian traffic, the congregation of persons in public places or buildings, lights 

and noises of all kinds and the maintenance, extension and operation of public utility and transportation services and facilities;

(4)  To waive a provision of any regulation or ordinance of a State agency or a local governmental unit which restricts the immediate relief

 of human suffering;

(5)  To use contingency and emergency funds as necessary and appropriate to provide relief and assistance from the effects of a disaster, 

and to reallocate such other funds as may reasonably be available within the appropriations of the various departments

when the severity and magnitude of such disaster so requires and the contingency and emergency funds are insufficient or inappropriate;

(6)  To perform and exercise such other functions, powers and duties as are necessary to promote and secure the safety and protection 

of the civilian population;

(7)  To appoint or remove an executive head of any State agency or institution the executive head of which is regularly selected by a State 

board or commission.

                               a.   Such an acting executive head will serve during:

1.   The physical or mental incapacity of the regular office holder, as determined by the Governor after such inquiry 

as the Governor deems appropriate;

                                              2.   The continued absence of the regular holder of the office; or

                                              3.   A vacancy in the office pending selection of a new executive head.

b.   An acting executive head of a State agency or institution appointed in accordance with this subdivision may perform any act 

and exercise any power which a regularly selected holder of such office could lawfully perform and exercise.

c.   All powers granted to an acting executive head of a State agency or institution under this section shall expire immediately:

1.   Upon the termination of the incapacity as determined by the Governor of the officer in whose stead he acts;

                                              2.   Upon the return of the officer in whose stead he acts; or

3.       Upon the selection and qualification of a person to serve for the unexpired term, or the selection of an acting 

executive head of the agency or institution by the board or commission authorized to make such selection, and his

 qualification.    

d. In preparation for a state of disaster, with the concurrence of the Council of State, the Governor may use contingency and 

emergency funds as necessary and appropriate for National Guard training in preparation for disasters. (1951, c. 1016, s. 4; 1955, 

c. 387, s. 4; 1959, c. 284, s. 2; c. 337, s. 4; 1975, c. 734, ss. 11, 14; 1977, c. 848, s. 2; 1979, 2nd Sess., c.1310, s. 2; 1993, c. 321, s. 181(a); 1995, c. 509, s. 125.)

(8)  To procure, by purchase, condemnation, seizure or by other means to construct, lease, transport, store, maintain, renovate or distribute 

materials and facilities for emergency management without regard to the limitation of any existing law.

§ 166A-6.1.  Emergency planning; charge.

(a) Every person, firm, corporation or municipality who is licensed to construct or who is operating a fixed nuclear facility for the production of electricity 

shall pay to the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety an annual fee of at least thirty thousand dollars ($30,000) for each fixed nuclear facility 

which is located within this State or has a Plume Exposure Pathway Emergency Planning Zone of which any part is located within this State. This fee 

is to be applied to the costs of planning and implementing emergency response activities as are required by the Federal Emergency Management Agency

 for the operation of nuclear facilities. Said fee is to be paid no later than July 31 of each year. This minimum fee may be increased from time to time as 

the costs of such planning and implementation increase. Such increases shall be by agreement between the State and the licensees or operators of the

 fixed nuclear facilities.

(b) Every person, firm, corporation or municipality who is licensed to construct or who is operating a fixed nuclear facility for the production of electricity

shall pay to the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, for the use of the Division of Radiation Protection of the Department of Environment and 

Natural Resources, an annual fee of thirty-six thousand dollars ($36,000) for each fixed nuclear facility that is located within this State or has a Plume 

Exposure Pathway Emergency Planning Zone of which any part is located within this State. This fee shall be applied to the costs of planning and 

implementing emergency response activities as are required by the Federal Emergency Management Agency for the operation of nuclear facilities. 

This fee is to be paid no later than July 31 of each year.

(c) The fees imposed by this section do not revert at the end of a fiscal year. The amount of fees carried forward from one fiscal year to the next shall 

be taken into consideration in determining the fee to be assessed each fixed nuclear facility under subsection (a) in that fiscal year. (1981, c. 1128, 

ss. 1,2; 1983, c. 622, ss. 1-3; 1989, c. 727, s. 219(42); 1989 (Reg.Sess., 1990), c. 964, s. 1; 1991 (Reg. Sess., 1992), c. 1039, s.18; 1997-443, 

s. 11A.123; 2000-109, s. 6.)

§ 166A-7.  County and municipal emergency management.

(a)The governing body of each county is responsible for emergency management, as defined in G.S. 166A-4, within the geographical limits of such county. 

All emergency management efforts within the county will be coordinated by the county, including activities of the municipalities within the county.

(1)  The governing body of each county is hereby authorized to establish and maintain an emergency management agency for the purposes 

contained in G.S.166A-2.

(2)  The governing body of each county which establishes an emergency management agency pursuant to this authorization will appoint a 

coordinator who will have a direct responsibility for the organization, administration and operation of the county program and will be subject 

to the direction and guidance of such governing body.

(3)  In the event any county fails to establish an emergency management agency, and the Governor, in his discretion, determines that a need 

exists for such an emergency management agency, then the Governor is hereby empowered to establish an emergency management agency 

within said county. 

(b) All incorporated municipalities are authorized to establish and maintain emergency management agencies subject to coordination by the county. 

Joint agencies composed of a county and one or more municipalities within its borders may be formed.

(c) Each county and incorporated municipality in this State is authorized to make appropriations for the purposes of this Article and to fund them by 

evy of property taxes pursuant to G.S. 153A-149 and G.S. 160A-209 and by the allocation of other revenues, whose use is not otherwise restricted by law.

(d) In carrying out the provisions of this Article each political subdivision is authorized:

(1)  To appropriate and expend funds, make contracts, obtain and distribute equipment, materials, and supplies for emergency management 

purposes and to provide for the health and safety of persons and property, including emergency assistance, consistent with this Article;

(2)  To direct and coordinate the development of emergency management plans and programs in accordance with the policies and standards 

set by the State;

(3)  To assign and make available all available resources for emergency management purposes for service within or outside of the physical 

limits of the subdivision; and

               (4)  To delegate powers in a local state of emergency under G.S. 166A-8 to an appropriate official.

(e) Each county which establishes an emergency management agency pursuant to State standards and which meets requirements

for local plans and programs may be eligible to receive State financial assistance. Such financial assistance for the maintenance and operation of a 

county emergency management program will not exceed one thousand dollars ($1,000) for any fiscal year and is subject to an appropriation being 

made for this purpose. Eligibility of each county will be determined annually by the State. (1951, c. 1016, s. 6; 1953, c. 1099, s. 4;1957, c. 950, s. 2; 

1959, c. 337, s. 5; 1973, c. 620, s. 9; 1975,c. 734, ss. 12, 14, 16; 1977, c. 848, s. 2; 1979, 2nd Sess., c.1310, s. 2; 1995, c. 509, ss. 126, 127.)

§ 166A-8.  Local emergency authorizations.

Procedures governing the declaration of a local state of emergency:

(1)  A local state of emergency may be declared for any disaster, as defined in G.S. 166A-4 under the provisions of Article 36A of G.S. Chapter 14.

(2)  Such a declaration shall activate the local ordinances authorized in G.S. 14-288.12 through 14-288.14 and any and all applicable local plans, mutual 

assistance compacts and agreements and shall also authorize the furnishing of assistance there under.

(3)  The timing, publication, amendment and recision of local "state of emergency" declarations shall be in accordance with the local ordinance. 

(1951, c. 1016,s. 6; 1953, c. 1099, s. 4; 1957, c. 950, s. 2; 1959,c. 337, s. 5; 1973, c. 620, s. 9; 1975, c. 734, ss.12, 14, 16; 1977, c. 848, s. 2.)

§ 166A-9.  Accept services, gifts, grants and loans.

Whenever the federal government or any agency or officer thereof or of any person, firm or corporation shall offer to the State, or through the State to any 

political subdivision thereof, services, equipment, supplies, materials, or funds by way of gift, grant or loan, for the purposes of emergency management, 

the State acting through the Governor, or such political subdivision, acting with the consent of the Governor and through its governing body, may accept 

such offer. Upon such acceptance the Governor of the State or governing body of such political subdivision may authorize any officer of the State or of the

 political subdivision, as the case may be, to receive such services, equipment, supplies, materials or funds on behalf of the State or of such political 

subdivision, and subject to the terms of the offer and the rules and regulations, if any, of the agency making the offer. 

(1951, c. 1016, s. 8; 1973, c. 803, s. 45; 1975, c. 19, s. 72; c. 734, ss. 13, 14; 1977, c. 848, s. 2;1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1310, s. 2.)

§ 166A-10.  Establishment of mutual aid agreements.

(a) The Governor may establish mutual aid agreements with other states and with the federal government provided that any special agreements so 

negotiated are within the Governor's authority.

(b) The chief executive of each political subdivision, with the concurrence of the subdivision's governing body, may develop mutual aid agreements for

 reciprocal emergency management aid and assistance. Such agreements shall be consistent with the State emergency management program and plans.

(c) The chief executive officer of each political subdivision, with the concurrence of the governing body and subject to the approval of the Governor, may

 enter into mutual aid agreements with local chief executive officers in other states for reciprocal emergency management aid and assistance.

(d) Mutual aid agreements may include but are not limited to the furnishing or exchange of such supplies, equipment, facilities, personnel and services 

as may be needed; the reimbursement of costs and expenses for equipment, supplies, personnel and similar items; and on such terms and conditions 

as deemed necessary. (1951, c. 1016, s. 7; 1975, c. 734, ss. 14, 16;1977, c. 848, s. 2; 1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1310, s. 2.)

§ 166A-11.  Compensation.

(a) Compensation for services or for the taking or use of property shall be only to the extent that legal obligations of individual citizens are exceeded in a

 particular case and then only to the extent that the claimant has not been deemed to have volunteered his services or property without compensation.

(b) Compensation for property shall be only if the property was commandeered, seized, taken, condemned, or otherwise used in

coping with a disaster and this action was ordered by the Governor. The State shall make compensation for the property so seized, taken or condemned

 on the following basis:

(1)  In case property is taken for temporary use, the Governor, within 30 days of the taking, shall fix the amount of compensation to be paid 

for such damage or failure to return. Whenever the Governor shall deem it advisable for the State to take title to property taken under this 

section, he shall forthwith cause the owner of such property to be notified thereof in writing by registered mail, postage prepaid, or by the 

best means available, and forthwith cause to be filed a copy of said notice with the Secretary of State.

(2)  If the person entitled to receive the amounts so determined by the Governor as just compensation is unwilling to accept the same as 

full and complete compensation for such property or the use thereof, he shall be paid seventy-five per centum (75%) of such amount and shall 

be entitled to recover from the State of North Carolina in an action brought in the superior court in the county of residence of claimant, or in 

Wake County, in the same manner as other condemnation claims  are brought, within three years after the date of the Governor's award. 

(1977,c. 848, s. 2.)

§ 166A-12.  Nondiscrimination in emergency management.

State and local governmental bodies and other organizations and personnel who carry out emergency management functions under the provisions of 

this Article are required to do so in an equitable and impartial manner. Such State and local governmental bodies, organizations and personnel shall 

not discriminate on the grounds of race, color, religion, nationality, sex, age or economic status in the distribution of supplies, the processing of 

applications and other relief and assistance activities. (1975, c. 734, s. 3; 1977, c. 848, s. 2;

1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1310, s. 2; 1995, c. 509, s. 128.)

§ 166A-13.  Emergency management personnel.

(a) No person shall be employed or associated in any capacity in any emergency management agency established under this Article if that person:

(1)  Advocates or has advocated a change by force or violence in the constitutional form of the Government of the United States or in this 

State;

               (2)  Advocates or has advocated the overthrow of any government in the United States by force or violence;

               (3)  Has been convicted of any subversive act against the United States;

               (4)  Is under indictment or information charging any subversive act against the United States; or

               (5)  Has ever been a member of the Communist Party.

Each person who is appointed to serve in any emergency management agency shall, before entering upon his duties, take a written oath before a 

person authorized to administer oaths in this State, which oath shall be substantially as follows:

               "I,  _______, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the 

State of North Carolina, against all enemies, foreign and domestic; and that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation 

freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties upon which I am about to enter. And 

I do further swear (or affirm) that I do not advocate, nor am I, nor have I ever knowingly been, a member of any political party or organization that 

advocates the overthrow of the Government of the United States or of this State by force or violence; and that during such time as I am a member 

of the State Emergency Management Agency I will not advocate nor become a member of any political party or organization that advocates the 

overthrow of the Government of the United States or of this State by force or violence, so help me God."

(b) No position created by or pursuant to this Article shall be deemed an office within the meaning of Article 6, Section 9 of the Constitution of North 

Carolina. (1951, c. 1016, s. 10; 1975,c. 734, ss. 14, 16; 1977, c. 848, s. 2; 1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1310,s. 2; 1995, c. 509, s. 129.)

§ 166A-14.  Immunity and exemption.

(a) All functions hereunder and all other activities relating to emergency management are hereby declared to be governmental functions. Neither the 

State nor any political subdivision thereof, nor, except in cases of willful misconduct, gross negligence or bad faith, any emergency management

worker complying with or reasonably attempting to comply with this Article or any order, rule or regulation promulgated pursuant to the provisions 

of this Article or pursuant to any ordinance relating to any emergency management measures enacted by any political subdivision of the State, shall

 be liable for the death of or injury to persons, or for damage to property as a result of any such activity.

(b) The rights of any person to receive benefits to which he would otherwise be entitled under this Article or under the Workers' Compensation 

Law or under any pension law, nor the right of any such person to receive any benefits or compensation under any act of Congress shall not be 

affected by performance of emergency management functions.

(c) Any requirement for a license to practice any professional, mechanical or other skill shall not apply to any authorized emergency management 

worker who shall, in the course of performing his duties as such, practice such professional, mechanical or other skill during a state of disaster.

(d) As used in this section, the term "emergency management worker" shall include any full or part-time paid, volunteer or auxiliary employee of this 

State or other states, territories, possessions or the District of Columbia, of the federal government or any neighboring country or of any political 

subdivision thereof or of any agency or organization performing emergency management services at any place in this State, subject to the order or 

control of or pursuant to a request of the State government or any political subdivision thereof.

(e) Any emergency management worker, as defined in this section, performing emergency management services at any place in this State pursuant 

to agreements, compacts or arrangements for mutual aid and assistance to which the State or a political subdivision thereof is a party, shall possess 

the same powers, duties, immunities and privileges he would ordinarily possess if performing his duties in the State, or political subdivision thereof in 

which normally employed or rendering services. (1957,c. 950, s. 4; 1975, c. 734, s. 14; 1977, c. 848, s. 2; 1979, c.714, s. 2; 1979, 2nd Sess., c. 1310, 

s. 2; 1995, c. 509, ss. 130,131.)

§ 166A-15.  No private liability.

Any person, firm or corporation owning or controlling real or personal property who, voluntarily or involuntarily, knowingly or unknowingly, with or 

without compensation, grants a license or privilege or otherwise permits or allows the designation or use of the whole or any part or parts of such 

real or personal property for the purpose of sheltering, protecting, safeguarding or aiding in any way persons shall, together with his successors 

in interest, if any, not be civilly liable for the death of or injury to any person or the loss of or damage to the property of any persons where such 

death, injury, loss or damage resulted from, through or because of the use of the said real or personal property for any of the above purposes. 

(1957, c. 950, s. 3;1977, c. 848, s. 2.)

§ 166A-15.1.  Civil liability of persons who willfully ignore a warning in a disaster.

(a) In a disaster as defined by G.S. 166A-4, a person who willfully ignores a warning regarding personal safety issued by a federal, State, or 

local law enforcement agency, emergency management agency, or other governmental agency responsible for emergency management under 

this Article is civilly liable for the cost of a rescue effort to any governmental agency or nonprofit agency cooperating with a governmental agency 

conducting a rescue on the endangered person's behalf if:

(1)  The person ignores the warning, and: (i) engages in an activity or course of action that a reasonable person would not pursue, or 

(ii) fails to take a course of action that a reasonable person would pursue;

               (2)  As a result of ignoring the warning the person places himself or herself or another in danger; and

               (3)  A governmental rescue effort is undertaken on the endangered person's behalf. (1997-232, s. 1.)

§ 166A-16.  Severability.

If any provision of this Article or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions

or applications of the Article which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this Article are 

severable. (1977, c. 848, s. 2; 1995, c. 509, s.132.)

Article 2.

Hazardous Materials Emergency Response.

§ 166A-20.  Title, purpose.

(a) This Article may be cited as the "North Carolina Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Act." 

(b) The purpose of this Article is to establish a system of regional response to hazardous materials emergencies in the State to protect the 

health and safety of its citizens. (1993 (Reg.Sess., 1994), c. 769, s. 22.4(b).)

§ 166A-21.  Definitions.

As used in this Article:

(1)  "Hazardous materials emergency response team" or "hazmat team" means an organized group of persons specially trained and equipped 

to respond to and control actual or potential leaks or spills of hazardous materials.

(2)  "Hazardous material" means any material defined as a hazardous substance under 29 Code of Federal Regulations § 1910.120(a)(3).

(3) "Hazardous materials incident" or "hazardous materials emergency" means an uncontrolled release or threatened release of a hazardous substance 

requiring outside assistance by a local fire department or hazmat team to contain and control.

(4)  "Regional response team" means a hazmat team under contract with the State to provide response to hazardous materials emergencies occurring 

outside the hazmat team's local jurisdiction at the direction of the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, Division of Emergency Management.

(5)  "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety.

(6)  "Technician-level entry capability" means the capacity of a hazmat team, in terms of training and equipment as specified in 29 Code of Federal 

Regulations § 1910.120, to respond to a hazardous materials incident requiring affirmative measures, such as patching, plugging, or other action 

necessary to stop and contain the release of a hazardous substance at its source. (1993 (Reg. Sess., 1994), c. 769, s. 22.4(b); 1997-456, s. 27.)

§ 166A-22.  Hazardous materials emergency response program.

(a) The Secretary shall adopt rules establishing a regional response program for hazardous materials emergencies, to be administered by the Division 

of Emergency Management. To the extent possible, the regional response program shall be coordinated with other emergency planning activities of the 

State. The regional response program shall include at least six hazmat teams located strategically across the State that are available to provide regional 

response to hazardous materials incidents requiring technician-level entry capability and 24-hour dispatch and communications capability at the Division 

of Emergency Management Operations Center. The rules for the program shall include:

(1)  Standards, including training, equipment, and personnel standards required to operate a regional response team with technician-level entry 

capability.

               (2)  Guidelines for the dispatch of a regional response team to a hazardous materials incident.

               (3)  Guidelines for the on-site operations of a regional response team.

               (4)  Standards for administration of a regional response team, including procedures for reimbursement of response costs.

               (5)  Refresher and specialist training for members of regional response teams.

(6)  Procedures for recovering the costs of a response to a hazardous materials incident from persons determined to be responsible for the 

emergency.

               (7)  Procedures for bidding and contracting for the provision of a hazmat team for the regional response program.

               (8)  Criteria for evaluating bids for the provision of a hazmat team for regional response.

(9)  Delineation of the roles of the regional response team, local fire department and local public safety personnel, the Division of Emergency 

Management's area coordinator, and other State agency personnel responding to the scene of a hazardous materials incident.

(b) In developing the program and adopting rules, the Secretary shall consult with the Regional Response Team Advisory Committee established 

pursuant to G.S. 166A-24. (1993 (Reg.Sess., 1994), c. 769, s. 22.4(b).)

§ 166A-23.  Contracts; equipment loans.

(a) The Secretary may contract with any unit or units of local government for the provision of a regional response team to implement the regional 

response program. Contracts are to be let consistent with the bidding and contract standards and procedures adopted pursuant to G.S. 166A-22(a)(7) 

and (8). In entering into contracts with units of local government, the Secretary may agree to provide:

               (1)  A loan of equipment, including a hazmat vehicle, necessary for the provision technician-level entry capability;

(2)  Reimbursement of personnel costs when a regional response team is authorized by the Department to respond to a hazmat incident, 

including the cost of call-back personnel;

               (3)  Reimbursement for use of equipment and vehicles owned by the regional response team;

               (4)  Replacement of disposable materials and damaged equipment;

(5)  Costs of medical surveillance for members of the regional response team, including baseline, maintenance, and exit physicals;

               (6)  Training expenses; and

               (7)  Other provisions agreed to by the Secretary and the regional response team.

(b) The Secretary shall not agree to provide reimbursement

for:

               (1)  Costs of clean-up activities, after a spill or leak has been contained;

               (2)  Local response not requiring technician-level entry capability; or

               (3)  Standby time.

(c) Any contract entered into between the Secretary and a unit of local government for the provision of a regional response team shall specify that the 

members of the regional response team, when performing their duties under the contract, shall not be employees of the State and shall not be entitled to 

benefits under the Teachers' and State Employees' Retirement System or for the payment by the State of federal social security, employment insurance, 

or workers' compensation.

(d) Regional response teams that have the use of a State hazmat vehicle may use the vehicle for local purposes. Where a State vehicle is used for 

purposes other than authorized regional response to a hazardous materials incident, the regional response team shall be liable for repairs or replacements 

directly attributable to the nonauthorized response. (1993 (Reg. Sess.,1994), c. 769, s. 22.4(b).)

§ 166A-24.  Immunity of Regional Response Team Personnel.

Members of a regional response team shall be protected from liability under the provisions of G.S. 166A-14(a) while responding to a hazardous materials 

incident pursuant to authorization from the Division of Emergency Management. (1993 (Reg. Sess., 1994), c. 769, s. 22.4(b).)

§ 166A-25.  Right of entry.

A regional response team, when authorized to respond to a release or threatened release of hazardous materials, may enter onto any private or public 

property on which the release has occurred or on which there is an imminent threat of such release. A regional response team may also enter, under 

such circumstances, any adjacent or surrounding property in order to respond to the release or threatened release of hazardous material or to monitor, 

control, and contain the release or perform any other action in mitigation of a hazardous materials incident. (1993 (Reg. Sess., 1994), c. 769, s. 22.4(b).)

§ 166A-26.  Regional Response Team Advisory Committee.

(a) The Regional Response Team Advisory Committee is created. The Secretary shall appoint the members of the Committee and shall designate 

the chair. In making appointments, the Secretary shall take into consideration the expertise of the appointees in the management of hazardous 

materials emergencies. The Secretary shall appoint one representative from:

               (1)  The Division of Emergency Management;

               (2)  The North Carolina Highway Patrol;

               (3)  The Fire and Rescue Commission;

               (4)  The Department of Environment and Natural Resources;

               (5)  The Department of Transportation;

               (6)  The Department of  and Consumer Services;

               (7)  The Chemical Industry Council of North Carolina;

               (8)  The N.C. Association of Hazardous Materials Responders;

               (9)  Each regional response team.

In addition to the persons listed above, the Secretary shall appoint to the Advisory Committee three persons designated jointly by the North Carolina 

Fire Chiefs Association and the North Carolina Firemen's Association.

(b) The Advisory Committee shall meet on the call of the chair, or at the request of the Secretary; provided that the Committee shall meet no less 

than once every three months. The Department of Crime Control and Public Safety shall provide space for the Advisory Committee to meet. The 

Department also shall provide the Advisory Committee with necessary support staff and supplies to enable the Committee to carry out its duties i

n an effective manner.

(c) Members of the Advisory Committee shall serve without pay, but shall receive travel allowance, lodging, subsistence, and per diem as provided 

by G.S. 138-5.

(d) The Regional Response Team Advisory Committee shall advise the Secretary on the establishment of the program for regional response to 

hazardous materials emergencies in the State. The Committee shall also evaluate and advise the Secretary of the need for additional regional 

response teams to serve the State. (1993 (Reg. Sess., 1994), c. 769, s. 22.4(b); 1997-261, s. 108;1997-443, s. 11A.123.)

§ 166A-27.  Action for the recovery of costs of hazardous

materials emergency response.

A person who causes the release of a hazardous material requiring the activation of a regional response team shall be liable for all reasonable 

costs incurred by the regional response team in responding to and mitigating the incident. The Secretary shall invoice the person liable for the 

hazardous materials release, and, in the event of nonpayment, may institute an action to recover those costs in the superior court of the county 

in which the release occurred. (1993 (Reg. Sess., 1994), c. 769, s.22.4(b).)

§ 166A-28.  Hazardous Materials Emergency Response Fund.

There is established in the Department of Crime Control and Public Safety a fund for those monies collected pursuant to G.S. 166A-27. 

The Fund is also authorized to accept any gift, grant, or donation of money or property to facilitate the establishment and operation of the regional 

response system.(1993 (Reg. Sess., 1994), c. 769, s. 22.4(b).)

Article 3.

Disaster Service Volunteer Leave Act.

§ 166A-30.  Short title.

This act may be cited as the Disaster Service Volunteer Leave Act. (1993, c. 13, s. 1.)

§ 166A-31.  Definitions.

As used in this Article:

(1) "Certified disaster service volunteer" means a person who has completed the necessary training for and been certified as a disaster service specialist 

by the American National Red Cross.

(2) "Disaster" means a disaster designated at Level III or higher in the American National Red Cross Regulations and Procedures.

(3) "State agency" means and includes all departments, institutions, commissions, committees, boards, divisions, bureaus, officers, and officials of the 

State, including those within the legislative and judicial branches of State government. (1993, c. 13, s. 1.)

§ 166A-32.  Disaster service volunteer leave.

An employee of a State agency who is a certified disaster service volunteer of the American Red Cross may be granted leave from his work with pay

for a time not to exceed 15 work days in any 12-month period to participate in specialized disaster relief services for the American Red Cross.  

To be granted leave, the request for the services of that employee must come from the American Red Cross. The decision to grant the employee 

leave rests in the sole discretion of the employing State agency based on the work needs of that agency.  Employees granted leave pursuant to this 

Article shall not lose seniority, pay, vacation time, sick time, or earned overtime accumulation.  The State agency shall compensate an employee 

granted leave under this Article at the regular rate of pay for those regular work hours during which the employee is absent from his work.  Leave under 

this act shall be granted only for services related to a disaster occurring within the State of North Carolina.

The State of North Carolina shall not be liable for workers compensation claims arising from accident or injury while the State employee is on assignment

as a certified disaster service volunteer for the American Red Cross.  Duties performed while on disaster leave shall not be considered to be a work 

assignment by a state agency.  The employee is granted leave based on the need for the expertise in his or her certified area.  Job functions although 

similar or related are performed on behalf of and for the benefit of the American Red Cross. (1993, c. 13, s. 1.)

Article 4.

Emergency Management Assistance Compact.

§ 166A-40.  Title of Article; entering into Compact.

(a) This Article may be cited as the Emergency Management Assistance Compact.

(b) The Emergency Management Assistance Compact, hereinafter "Compact", is hereby enacted into law and entered into by this State with all 

other states legally joining therein, in the form substantially as set forth in this Article. This Compact is made and entered into by and between the 

party states which enact this Compact. For the purposes of this Article, the term "states" means the several states, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 

the District of Columbia, and all United States territorial possessions and the term "party states" means the participating member states which enact 

and enter into this Compact. (1997-152,s. 1.)

§ 166A-41.  Purposes and authorities.

(a) The purpose of this Compact is to provide for mutual assistance between the party states in managing any emergency or disaster that is duly 

declared by the governor of the affected state or states, whether arising from natural disaster, technological hazard, man-made disaster, civil emergency 

aspects of resources shortages, community disorders, insurgency, or enemy attack.

(b) This Compact shall also provide for mutual cooperation in emergency-related exercises, testing, or other training activities using equipment 

and personnel simulating performance of any aspect of the giving and receiving of aid by party states or subdivisions of party states during emergencies, 

such actions occurring outside actual declared emergency periods. Mutual assistance in this Compact may include the use of the states' national guard 

forces, either in accordance with the National Guard Mutual Assistance Compact or by mutual agreement between states. (1997-152, s. 1.)

§ 166A-42.  General implementation.

(a) Each party state recognizes that many emergencies transcend political jurisdictional boundaries and that intergovernmental coordination is 

essential in managing these and other emergencies under this Compact. Each party state further recognizes that there will be emergencies that 

equire immediate access and present procedures to apply outside resources to respond to emergencies effectively and promptly. This is because 

few, if any, individual states have all the resources that they may need in all types of emergencies or the capability of delivering resources to areas 

where emergencies exist.

(b) The prompt, full, and effective utilization of resources of the participating states, including any resources on hand or available from the federal 

government or any other source, that are essential to the safety, care, and welfare of the people in the event of any emergency or disaster declared 

by a party state, shall be the underlying principle on which all articles of this Compact shall be understood.

(c) On behalf of the governor of each party state, the legally designated state official who is assigned responsibility for emergency management 

shall be responsible for formulation of the appropriate interstate mutual aid plans and procedures necessary to implement this Compact. (1997-152, s. 1.)

§ 166A-43.  Party state responsibilities.

(a )It shall be the responsibility of each party state to formulate procedural plans and programs for interstate cooperation in the performance of 

the responsibilities listed in this Article. In formulating the plans, and in carrying them out, the party states, insofar as practicable, shall:

(1)  Review individual state hazards analyses and, to the extent reasonably possible, determine all those potential emergencies the party 

state might jointly suffer, whether due to natural disaster, technological hazard, man-made disaster, emergency aspects of resource 

shortages, civil disorders, insurgency, or enemy attack.

(2)  Review the party states' individual emergency plans and develop a plan that will determine the mechanism for the interstate management 

and provision of assistance concerning any potential emergency.

(3)  Develop interstate procedures to fill any identified gaps and to resolve any identified inconsistencies or overlaps in existing or developed 

plans.

               (4)  Assist in warning communities adjacent to or crossing the state boundaries.

(5)  Protect and assure uninterrupted delivery of services, medicines, water, food, energy and fuel, search and rescue, and critical lifeline 

equipment services, and resources, both human and material.

(6)  Inventory and set procedures for the interstate loan and delivery of human and material resources, together with procedures for 

reimbursement or forgiveness.

(7)  Provide, to the extent authorized by law, for temporary suspension of any statutes or ordinances that restrict the implementation of the 

above responsibilities.

(b) The authorized representative of a party state may request assistance of another party state by contacting the authorized representative of that state. 

The provisions of this Compact shall only apply to requests for assistance made by and to authorized representatives. Requests may be verbal or in writing.

If verbal, the request shall be confirmed in writing within 30 days of the verbal request. Requests shall provide the following information:

(1)  A description of the emergency service function for which assistance is needed, including fire services, law enforcement, emergency 

medical, transportation, communications, public works and engineering, building inspection, planning and information assistance, mass care, 

resource support, health and medical services, and search and rescue.

(2)  The amount and type of personnel, equipment, materials and supplies needed, and a reasonable estimate of the length of time they will be 

needed.

               (3)  The specific place and time for staging of the assisting party's response and a point of contact at that location.

(c) There shall be frequent consultation between state officials who have assigned emergency management responsibilities and other appropriate 

representatives of the party states with affected jurisdictions and the federal government, with free exchange of information, plans, and resource records 

relating to emergency capabilities. (1997-152, s. 1.)

§ 166A-44.  Limitations.

(a) Any party state requested to render mutual aid or conduct exercises and training for mutual aid shall take such action as is necessary to provide 

and make available the resources covered by this Compact in accordance with the terms hereof; provided that the state rendering aid may withhold 

resources to the extent necessary to provide reasonable protection for such state.

(b) Each party state shall afford to the emergency forces of any party state while operating within its state limits under the terms and conditions of this

Compact, the same powers (except that of arrest unless specifically authorized by the receiving state), duties, rights, and privileges as are afforded forces

of the state in which they are performing emergency services. Emergency forces will continue under the command and control of their regular leaders, 

but the organizational units will come under the operational control of the emergency services authorities of the state receiving assistance. These 

conditions may be activated, as needed, only subsequent to a declaration of a state of emergency or disaster by the governor of the party state that is 

to receive assistance or commencement of exercises or training for mutual aid and shall continue so long as the exercises or training for mutual aid are 

in progress, the state of emergency or disaster remains in effect, or loaned resources remain in the receiving state or states, whichever is longer. 

(1997-152, s. 1.)

§ 166A-45.  Licenses and permits.

Whenever any person holds a license, certificate, or other permit issued by any party state evidencing the meeting of qualifications for professional,

mechanical, or other skills, and when assistance is requested by the receiving party state, the person shall be deemed licensed, certified, or permitted 

by the state requesting assistance to render aid involving skill to meet a declared emergency or disaster, subject to any limitations and conditions the 

governor of the requesting state may prescribe by executive order or otherwise. (1997-152, s. 1.)

§ 166A-46.  Liability.

Officers or employees of a party state rendering aid in another state pursuant to this Compact shall be considered agents of the requesting state for 

tort liability and immunity purposes; and no party state or its officers or employees rendering aid in another state pursuant to this Compact shall be 

liable for any act or omission occuring as a result of a good faith attempt to render aid or as a result of the use of any equipment or supplies used in 

connection with an attempt to render aid. For the purposes of this Article, "good faith" does not include willful misconduct, gross negligence, or 

recklessness. (1997-152, s. 1.)

§ 166A-47.  Supplementary agreements.

Inasmuch as it is probable that the pattern and detail of the machinery for mutual aid among two or more states may differ from that among the states 

that are party hereto, this instrument contains elements of a broad base common to all states, and nothing herein contained shall preclude any state 

from entering into supplementary agreements with another state or affect any other agreements already in force between states. Supplementary 

agreements may comprehend, but shall not be limited to, provisions for evacuation and reception of injured and other persons and the exchange of 

medical, fire, police, public utility, reconnaissance, welfare, transportation and communications personnel, and equipment and supplies. (1997-152,s. 1.)

§ 166A-48.  Compensation.

Each party state shall provide for the payment of compensation and death benefits to injured members of the emergency forces of that state and 

representatives of deceased members of the forces in case the members sustain injuries or are killed while rendering aid pursuant to this Compact, 

in the same manner and on the same terms as if the injury or death were sustained within their own state. (1997-152, s. 1.)

§ 166A-49.  Reimbursement.

Any party state rendering aid in another state pursuant to this Compact shall be reimbursed by the party state receiving the aid for any loss or damage 

to or expense incurred in the operation of any equipment and the provision of any service in answering a request for aid and for the costs incurred in 

connection with the requests; provided, that any aiding party state may assume in whole or in part the loss, damage, expense, or other cost, or may

loan the equipment or donate the services to the receiving party state without charge or cost; and provided further, that any two or more party states may

enter into supplementary agreements establishing a different allocation of costs among those states. (1997-152, s. 1.)

§ 166A-50.  Evacuation.

Plans for the orderly evacuation and interstate reception of portions of the civilian population as the result of any emergency or disaster of sufficient 

proportions to so warrant shall be worked out and maintained between the party states and the emergency management or services directors of the 

various jurisdictions where any type of incident requiring evacuations might occur. Plans shall be put into effect by request of the state from which 

evacuees come and shall include the manner of transporting the evacuees, the number of evacuees to be received in different areas, the manner in 

which food, clothing, housing, and medical care will be provided, the registration of the evacuees, the providing of facilities for the notification of relatives

or friends, and the forwarding of the evacuees to other areas or the bringing in of additional materials, supplies, and all other relevant factors. The plans 

shall provide that the party state receiving evacuees and the party state from which the evacuees come shall mutually agree as to reimbursement of 

out-of-pocket expenses incurred in receiving and caring for evacuees, for expenditures for transportation, food, clothing, medicines and medical care, 

and like items. The expenditures shall be reimbursed as agreed by the party state from which the evacuees come and that party state shall assume 

the responsibility for the ultimate support of repatriation of the evacuees. (1997-152, s.1.)

§ 166A-51.  Effective date.

(a) This Compact shall become operative immediately upon its enactment into law by any two states; thereafter, this Compact shall become effective 

as to any other state upon its enactment by the state.

(b) Any party state may withdraw from this Compact by enacting a statute repealing the same, but no withdrawal shall take effect until 30 days after 

the governor of the withdrawing state has given notice in writing of the withdrawal to the governors of all other party states. The action shall not relieve 

the withdrawing state from obligations assumed hereunder prior to the effective date of withdrawal.

(c) Duly authenticated copies of this Compact and of any supplementary agreements as may be entered into shall, at the time of their approval, be 

deposited with each of the party states and with the Federal Emergency Management Agency and other appropriate agencies of the federal government.

(1997-152, s. 1.)

§ 166A-52.  Validity.

If any provision of this Compact is declared unconstitutional, or the applicability thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the constitutionality 

of the remainder of this act and the applicability thereof to other persons and circumstances shall not be affected thereby. (1997-152, s. 1.)

§ 166A-53.  Additional provisions.

Nothing in this Compact shall authorize or permit the use of military force by the national guard of a state at any place outside that state in any 

emergency for which the President is authorized by law to call into federal service the militia, or for any purpose for which the use of the Army or 

the Air Force would in the absence of express statutory authorization be prohibited under section 1385 of Title 18, United States Code. (1997-152, s. 1.)